The Bow and Arrow choke is one of the most iconic and effective submissions in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). This gi-specific choke combines precision, leverage, and control to deliver a devastatingly tight submission. Used by practitioners of all levels, the Bow and Arrow choke is a versatile tool that can finish fights quickly. In this guide, we’ll explore everything you need to know about this technique, from its mechanics and importance to detailed step-by-step instructions and defense strategies.
What is the Omoplata Lock?
The Bow and Arrow choke is one of the most effective and iconic gi-based submissions in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Known for its precision and versatility, this choke leverages the opponent’s lapel to apply immense pressure on their carotid arteries, cutting off blood flow and leading to a quick tap. Its name derives from the position and motion of the practitioner and their opponent during execution, which resembles an archer drawing a bow.
The Mechanics of the Bow and Arrow Choke
At its core, the Bow and Arrow position is a lapel-based strangle that combines upper body control with lower body leverage. It involves:
- Lapel Grip: Grabbing the opponent’s collar or lapel to control their posture and position the choke.
- Body Extension: Using the legs to extend the opponent’s body while pulling on the lapel, creating a tight, inescapable strangulation.
- Rotational Pressure: Applying force in a rotational manner, maximizing the choke’s effectiveness by leveraging the opponent’s own gi.
The Origins of the Bow and Arrow Choke
Roots in Traditional Judo
Like many techniques in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, the Bow and Arrow choke has its roots in traditional Japanese Judo, where a similar gi-based choke, the Okuri-Eri-Jime (Sliding Collar Choke), has been practiced for generations. Judo’s emphasis on gi grips and positional dominance laid the groundwork for many of the techniques seen in BJJ today, including the Bow and Arrow choke.
Development in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
The Bow and Arrow position evolved and gained prominence within Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu as practitioners sought to refine and adapt gi-based submissions for a ground-focused game. Innovators like the Gracie family and other early BJJ pioneers adapted Judo techniques, tailoring them to the positional and strategic nuances of BJJ.
By incorporating rotational and leverage-based elements, BJJ practitioners transformed the Okuri-Eri-Jime into the Bow and Arrow choke, adding a dynamic aspect that suits the flow of modern grappling. The choke’s effectiveness in high-level competition quickly established it as a staple in BJJ.
Modern Evolution and Application
In contemporary grappling, the Bow and Arrow choke is a go-to submission for many elite athletes. Its high percentage of success in competitions, combined with its adaptability, makes it a favorite among practitioners of all skill levels. Competitors like Marcelo Garcia and Marcus “Buchecha” Almeida have showcased the choke’s potential in world-class tournaments, solidifying its legacy in the sport.
Versatility of the Bow and Arrow Choke
The Bow and Arrow choke is highly adaptable and can be applied from multiple dominant positions, including:
- Back Control: The most common setup, where the practitioner transitions into the choke after establishing control.
- Knee-on-Belly: A dynamic variation that allows for a quick transition into the choke.
- Guard Position: Advanced practitioners can set up the Bow and Arrow choke from guard using clever lapel manipulation.
Why It’s Unique to BJJ
The Bow and Arrow choke is a technique that showcases Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu’s ingenuity. It embodies the art’s core principles:
- Efficiency Over Strength: The choke relies on leverage and technique rather than raw power, making it suitable for practitioners of any size.
- Adaptability: Its application across different positions and scenarios demonstrates the versatility of BJJ.
- Strategic Use of the Gi: The lapel-based setup highlights BJJ’s creative use of the gi as both a tool and a weapon in grappling.
In essence, the Bow and Arrow choke isn’t just a submission—it’s a symbol of the artistry and effectiveness that define Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.
Bow and Arrow Choke Stats Worth Knowing
The Bow and Arrow choke is renowned for its effectiveness in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ), with several statistics highlighting its prominence:
- High Success Rate in Competitions: The Bow and Arrow choke ranks among the top ten most successful submissions in BJJ competitions. At higher belt levels—purple, brown, and black—it ascends to one of the top three submissions utilized, underscoring its efficacy against seasoned opponents.1
- Prevalence in High-Level Matches: This choke is frequently employed to conclude matches in prestigious tournaments such as the Mundials (World Jiu-Jitsu Championship) and the Pan-Ams, indicating its reliability at the elite level of the sport.2
- Utilization by Elite Practitioners: Top-tier athletes, including Marcus “Buchecha” Almeida, have effectively applied the Bow and Arrow choke in competition. For instance, Almeida secured a victory via this submission against Ricardo Evangelista at the IBJJF World Championship.3
These statistics underscore the Bow and Arrow choke’s status as a high-percentage, reliable submission in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, favored by practitioners across all skill levels.
Why is the Bow and Arrow Choke Important in BJJ?
The Bow and Arrow choke is widely regarded as one of the highest-percentage submissions in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Here’s why it holds such importance:
Effective Against Opponents of Any Size
Leverage Over Strength: The choke uses lapel grips and leg positioning to generate force, allowing smaller practitioners to submit larger opponents effectively.
High Success Rate
Position of Control: Since it’s often applied from the back, one of the most dominant positions in BJJ, the choke is difficult for opponents to escape.
Ideal for All Skill Levels
Advanced Variations: For experienced grapplers, the technique can be adapted with creative setups and transitions for more advanced applications.
Beginner-Friendly: Simple to understand and execute, the Bow and Arrow choke is a great starting point for new practitioners learning gi-based submissions.
Tip: Maximize Leverage with Proper Leg Positioning
Your leg placement is critical for creating the leverage needed to stretch your opponent’s body and secure the submission. Incorrect positioning reduces control and power:
- Place your outside leg across their torso or shoulder, ensuring your shin controls their movement.
- Extend your leg while pulling the lapel grip, mimicking the motion of drawing a bow. This simultaneous pulling and stretching motion tightens the choke significantly.
- Use your free hand to stabilize their body or control their far leg, preventing escape and adding additional pressure.
Who is the Bow and Arrow Choke Submission Recommended For?
The Bow and Arrow choke is a highly versatile submission, making it suitable for practitioners of all skill levels and body types. Its mechanics, which rely on leverage and precision rather than brute strength, allow it to be a valuable tool for a wide range of grapplers. Here’s a breakdown of who benefits most from incorporating this submission into their game:
Beginners
The Bow and Arrow choke is straightforward to learn and can be introduced early in a practitioner’s training. Its reliance on fundamental gi grips and positional control makes it an excellent submission for beginners to practice. Benefits include:
- Develops grip strength and lapel control.
- Teaches the importance of proper positioning and leverage.
- Builds confidence with a reliable, high-percentage submission.
Smaller or Lighter Grapplers
This submission emphasizes technique over strength, making it ideal for smaller or lighter practitioners who may struggle to overpower larger opponents. The Bow and Arrow choke allows them to maximize efficiency and control. Benefits include:
- Neutralizes size and strength disparities.
- Rewards precision and timing over physical attributes.
Back Control Specialists
The Bow and Arrow choke shines when applied from back control, one of the most dominant positions in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Practitioners who excel at maintaining and attacking from the back will find this submission a natural fit. Benefits include:
- Adds a high-percentage submission to their arsenal.
- Keeps opponents defensive and limits their escape options.
Advanced Practitioners
For experienced grapplers, the Bow and Arrow choke can be enhanced with advanced setups, transitions, and counters. Its versatility allows for creative applications and combinations. Benefits include:
- Enables chaining into other submissions or sweeps.
- Offers opportunities to experiment with advanced setups from different positions.
Competitors
The Bow and Arrow choke is a staple in competitive BJJ due to its effectiveness and high success rate in matches. Its ability to end fights quickly makes it a favorite among competitors at all levels. Benefits include:
- Reliable and efficient in high-pressure scenarios.
- Forces opponents to focus on defending the choke, creating opportunities for other attacks or positional advancements.
Practitioners in Gi-Based Training
Since the Bow and Arrow choke relies on the opponent’s gi lapel, it’s most effective in gi-based Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Practitioners focused on gi training will find it an essential part of their submission game. Benefits include:
- Exploits gi-specific grips and control.
- Complements a gi-based attacking strategy.
The Bow and Arrow choke is recommended for anyone looking to enhance their submission game, regardless of experience level or size. From beginners mastering the basics to advanced competitors refining their arsenal, this technique is a valuable tool in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Its reliance on leverage, control, and precision makes it a versatile and efficient submission for all grapplers who train with the gi.
Step-by-Step Breakdown of the Bow and Arrow Choke
Here’s a detailed guide to executing the Bow and Arrow choke from back control:
Steps
1
Establish Back Control
Secure back control with a seatbelt grip (one arm over the shoulder and one under the armpit).
Use your hooks (feet) to control their hips and maintain the position.
2
Grip the Lapel
With your over-the-shoulder hand, grab the opponent’s far-side lapel near their collarbone. This will serve as the choking grip.
3
Adjust Your Position
Release your far-side hook and swing your leg around to the outside of their body, positioning it across their torso or over their shoulder.
4
Create the Pulling Motion
Pull the lapel grip tight across their neck while extending your leg to stretch their body. The motion should mimic drawing a bowstring, applying pressure to their neck.
5
Secure the Submission
Adjust your grip as needed and maintain consistent pressure until the opponent taps.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Failing to Secure a Deep Lapel Grip
- Mistake:
A shallow grip on the opponent’s lapel reduces the pressure on their carotid arteries, making the choke less effective and easier to defend. - How to Avoid:
- Ensure Depth: Slide your hand deep into the opponent’s lapel, aiming to touch the back of their collar with your fingers.
- Control the Grip: Use a strong, tight grip, keeping your knuckles pressed against the side of their neck to create the necessary pressure.
Poor Leg Positioning
- Mistake:
Improper leg placement can compromise leverage, allowing the opponent to escape or defend the choke. - How to Avoid:
- Cross the Torso or Shoulder: Position your leg across the opponent’s torso or over their shoulder to create the necessary leverage for the “bow” motion.
- Stretch Fully: Extend your leg fully to maximize the pull and create a tight choke. Ensure your leg is not loose or slipping off their body.
Neglecting Control of the Opponent’s Hips
- Mistake:
Allowing the opponent to move their hips freely can create space, enabling them to escape or reduce the choke’s effectiveness. - How to Avoid:
- Stabilize Their Hips: Use your free hand to control their far-side hip or leg, limiting their movement.
- Maintain Tight Hooks: If the choke is being set up from back control, ensure your hooks are secure to immobilize their lower body.
Key Takeaways for Success
- Control Before Choke: Always establish firm control of the opponent’s body and lapel before committing to the choke.
- Focus on Leverage: Proper positioning and leverage are more effective than brute strength.
- Stay Adaptable: If the choke isn’t working, transition smoothly to other submissions or positions.
By avoiding these common mistakes and focusing on proper technique, you’ll significantly improve the effectiveness of your Bow and Arrow choke, making it a reliable tool in both training and competition.
Drills to Improve Your Bow and Arrow Choke
Incorporate these drills into your training routine to develop a strong position:
Drills
Drill
1
Lapel Grip Isolation Drill
Practice securing and tightening the lapel grip on a training partner, focusing on accuracy and control.
DRILL
2
Back Control Retention
Drill maintaining back control while transitioning to the Bow and Arrow choke, ensuring you stay in a dominant position.
DRILL
3
Flow Drill: Bow and Arrow to Armbar
Practice transitioning from the Bow and Arrow choke to an armbar, improving your adaptability in live scenarios.
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Defending Against the Bow and Arrow Choke
The Bow and Arrow choke is a high-percentage submission that can end a match quickly if executed effectively. However, with proper technique and defensive awareness, it is possible to escape or neutralize this choke. Defending against the Bow and Arrow choke requires a mix of prevention, posture control, and strategic escapes.
Recognizing the Setup
The first step to defending any submission is identifying when it’s being set up. The Bow and Arrow choke typically begins from a dominant back-control position. Recognizing the cues early can allow you to shut down the attack before it becomes dangerous.
- Key Indicators:
- Your opponent grips your lapel firmly with one hand, often from back control.
- They start transitioning their leg across your torso or shoulder.
- You feel your posture being compromised as they pull on the lapel.
- Preventive Measures:
- Block the Grip: Use your hands to block their attempt to grab your lapel. Keeping your chin tucked can make it harder for them to secure a deep grip.
- Control the Hooks: If they’re setting up from back control, focus on removing their hooks (feet) from your hips to limit their control.
Maintaining a Strong Defensive Posture
Once your opponent starts setting up the Bow and Arrow choke, maintaining proper posture can help you delay or even neutralize the submission.
- Posture Defense:
- Keep your chin tucked to protect your neck and make it harder for them to cinch the lapel grip tightly.
- Use your hands to control their choking hand, preventing them from pulling the lapel tight.
- Shift your shoulders and hips to prevent your body from being stretched into the “bow and arrow” position.
- Wrist and Lapel Control:
- Grab their wrist or sleeve to reduce the pulling force of the choke.
- If they already have your lapel, use your free hand to peel their grip off, creating space and relieving pressure.
Tip: Secure a Deep Lapel Grip
The depth of your lapel grip determines the tightness and effectiveness of the choke. A shallow grip reduces pressure and makes it easier for your opponent to escape. Execute it like this:
- When setting up the choke, slide your hand as deep as possible into the opponent’s lapel, ideally with your fingers reaching their opposite collar.
- Use your knuckles to press firmly into the side of their neck to create maximum pressure.
- Ensure your grip remains tight as you transition to extend their body for the choke.
Escaping the Bow and Arrow Choke
If the choke is fully locked in, escaping requires a combination of quick reactions and precise movements. Below are some effective escape strategies:
Rotate Toward the Opponent
- When to Use: If your opponent has secured the lapel grip but hasn’t fully extended their body yet.
- How to Execute:
- Turn your body toward your opponent’s choking arm while simultaneously controlling their gripping hand.
- Use your legs to bridge and create space, loosening their control.
- Once you’ve rotated enough, remove their hooks and escape to a neutral position.
Shrimp and Shrink
- When to Use: If your opponent begins extending your body into the “bow” position.
- How to Execute:
- Shrimp your hips toward the choking hand to reduce the angle of the choke.
- Simultaneously, use your free hand to push against their leg or hip, creating space to free your torso.
- Slide your trapped shoulder out and return to a defensive posture.
Remove Their Leg Control
- When to Use: If their leg is crossed over your torso or shoulder, maximizing the choke’s leverage.
- How to Execute:
- Control their ankle with your free hand and push it off your body.
- Use your legs to kick or buck their leg away, reducing their ability to stretch your body.
- Escape their control and transition to a safer position, like guard or half guard.
Common Mistakes When Defending
Defending against the Bow and Arrow choke requires precision and awareness. Avoid these common mistakes to improve your defense:
- Ignoring the Lapel Grip: Allowing your opponent to secure a deep lapel grip makes the choke much harder to escape.
- Losing Control of the Hooks: Failing to address their hooks gives them better control of your body and increases the choke’s effectiveness.
- Panicking Under Pressure: Panicking can lead to rushed or ineffective escapes. Stay calm and methodical in your defense.
- Not Controlling Their Leg: Letting their leg stay across your torso or shoulder gives them maximum leverage. Always address their leg placement.
Counterattacks to the Bow and Arrow Choke
Defending the Bow and Arrow choke can also create opportunities to counterattack. By disrupting your opponent’s balance or control, you can transition into offensive moves.
- Transition to Top Position: If you manage to break their grip and remove their hooks, use the momentum to transition into top control.
- Armbar Counter: If your opponent overcommits to the choke, you may be able to trap their extended arm and transition into an armbar.
- Guard Recovery: When escaping the choke, focus on recovering to guard or half guard to neutralize their offensive position.
Defending against the Bow and Arrow choke is about early recognition, maintaining strong posture, and executing precise escapes. By staying calm and focusing on controlling your opponent’s grip and leg positioning, you can neutralize this powerful submission and regain control of the fight. With consistent practice, these defensive strategies will make the Bow and Arrow choke less of a threat and more of an opportunity to showcase your adaptability and skill in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.
The Bow and Arrow Choke in Competition
The Bow and Arrow choke has been a decisive technique in numerous high-level Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) competitions. Here are some notable instances:
- Rodolfo Vieira’s Victory over Leandro Lo (2014 World Cup): Rodolfo Vieira secured a submission win against Leandro Lo using the Bow and Arrow choke during the 2014 World Cup in the Absolute division. Wikipedia
- Bow and Arrow Choke in Competition: This video showcases a Bow and Arrow choke executed during a semifinal match at the 2020 IBJJF Austin Open, demonstrating the technique’s effectiveness in a competitive setting. Youtube
These examples highlight the Bow and Arrow choke’s effectiveness and prevalence in high-stakes matches, solidifying its status as a staple submission in BJJ.
Defensive Drills to Practice
- Lapel Grip Awareness Drill: Train with a partner to practice identifying and breaking lapel grips before they can tighten the choke.
- Back Escape Drill: Focus on escaping back control by removing hooks and controlling your opponent’s choking hand.
- Leg Clearing Drill: Practice clearing your opponent’s leg from your torso or shoulder to reduce their leverage during the choke setup.
Conclusion
The Bow and Arrow choke is a cornerstone submission in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, offering practitioners a reliable way to finish opponents from dominant positions. With its combination of precision, leverage, and control, this technique embodies the efficiency and elegance of BJJ. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced grappler, mastering the Bow and Arrow choke will elevate your submission game.
Ready to take your game to the next level? Check out our other guides on advanced submission techniques. Happy training!
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is the Bow and Arrow choke effective?
The choke isolates the neck using the lapel and creates leverage by stretching the opponent’s body, making it highly efficient.
Can beginners use the Bow and Arrow choke?
Yes, it’s a straightforward technique that’s easy for beginners to learn and apply with proper guidance.
How can I prevent injuries while practicing the Bow and Arrow choke?
Always apply the choke slowly during training and communicate with your partner to ensure they can tap before full pressure is applied.
Is the Bow and Arrow choke effective in no-gi?
No, this choke relies on the gi lapel, so it’s exclusive to gi-based BJJ.
What are common counters to the Bow and Arrow choke?
Counters include breaking the lapel grip, escaping back control, or blocking leg placement.